The Role of Pro-Grp and Vitamin D in the Diagnosis of Colon Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Pro-Grp in the Diagnosis of Colon Cancer
Keywords:
Colon cancer, Pro-gastrin releasing peptide, vitamin D
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the utility of pro-GRP (gastrin releasing peptide) and vitamin D in the early diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma by comparing levels in patients with disease and controls.
Materials & Methods: This was a case-control study conducted between April 2018 and May 2019 in Internal Medicine Department of Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. A total of 30 patients histologically diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma and 30 healthy subjects were included.
Results and Conclusion: Overall mean age was 62.45 ± 11.61 (range 41 - 85) years; 63.93 ± 10.73 years in patients and 60.97 ± 12.43 years in controls. Males comprised 60.0% of the patients and 33.3% of controls. The pro-GRP values of patients were significantly higher than controls (p = 0.010). Although vitamin D level was higher in controls, significant difference was not present (p = 0.060). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high pro-GRP level was predictive factor of the colon cancer (p=0.049).
Clinical Significance: Pro-GRP levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls, but the diagnostic capability of pro-GRP was low for colon adenocarcinoma. New strategies should be developed to clearly define the roles of these molecules in colon cancer pathophysiology, and to confirm our findings in different populations.
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References
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36. Gannam CV, Chin KL, Gandhi RP. Caries risk assessment. Gen Dent. 2018;66(6):12-7.
37. Lualdi M, Cavalleri A, Battaglia L, Colombo A, Garrone G, Morelli D, et al. Early detection of colorectal adenocarcinoma: a clinical decision support tool based on plasma porphyrin accumulation and risk factors. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1-9.
38. Yu D, Wang Z, Cai Y, Mcbride K, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, et al. Ethnic differences in cancer rates among adults with Type 2 diabetes in New Zealand from 1994 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2147171-e.
2. Meeker S, Seamons A, Paik J, Treuting PM, Brabb T, Grady WM, et al. Increased dietary vitamin D suppresses MAPK signaling, colitis, and colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2014;74(16):4398-408.
3. Yuan J-H, Xie L-S, Zhu Y-H, Wang X-H, Zhang Y-J, Wang X-J. Combination of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are biomarkers for the detection of colon tubular adenocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2021;13(10):1506.
4. Patel O, Shulkes A, Baldwin GS. Gastrin-releasing peptide and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;1766(1):23-41.
5. Cuttitta F, Carney DN, Mulshine J, Moody TW, Fedorko J, Fischler A, et al. Bombesin-like peptides can function as autocrine growth factors in human small-cell lung cancer. Nature. 1985;316(6031):823-6.
6. Li J, Chen Y, Wang X, Wang C, Xiao M. The value of combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCC-Ag, and pro-GRP in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res. 2021;10(4):1900.
7. Öberg K. Circulating biomarkers in neuroendocrine tumours. Neuroendocrine Tumours: Springer; 2015. p. 77-95.
8. Galoian K, Patel P. Epigenetic control of cancer by neuropeptides. Biomed Rep. 2017;6(1):3-7.
9. Ferrer-Mayorga G, Larriba MJ, Crespo P, Muñoz A. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in colon cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;185:1-6.
10. Mohr SB, Gorham ED, Kim J, Hofflich H, Cuomo RE, Garland CF. Could vitamin D sufficiency improve the survival of colorectal cancer patients? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015;148:239-44.
11. Shui I, Giovannucci E. Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Ms. Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer. 2014:33-51.
12. Niu K, Lu YX, Shen WJ, Zhang YH, Wang WY. Risk Factors for Mesh Exposure after Transvaginal Mesh Surgery. Chin Med J (Engl). 2016;129(15):1795-9.
13. Molina R, Auge JM, Alicarte J, Filella X, Viñolas N, Ballesta AM. Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in patients with benign and malignant diseases. Tumour Biol. 2004;25(1-2):56-61.
14. Carroll RE, Matkowskyj KA, Chakrabarti S, Mcdonald TJ, Benya RV. Aberrant expression of gastrin-releasing peptide and its receptor by well-differentiated colon cancers in humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1999;276(3):G655-G65.
15. Preston S, Woodhouse L, Jones-Blackett S, Miller G, Primrose J. High-affinity binding sites for gastrin-releasing peptide on human colorectal cancer tissue but not uninvolved mucosa. Br J Cancer. 1995;71(5):1087-9.
16. Chave H, Gough A, Palmer K, Preston S, Primrose J. Bombesin family receptor and ligand gene expression in human colorectal cancer and normal mucosa. Br J Cancer. 2000;82(1):124-30.
17. Seretis E, Gavrill A, Agnantis N, Golematis V, Voloudakis-Baltatzis I. Comparative study of serotonin and bombesin in adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors of the colon. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2001;25(6):445-54.
18. Fraňková S, Synytsya A. Methods of lung and colon cancer diagnosis. Chemické Listy. 2017;111(8):502-8.
19. Kuzucu İ, Baklaci D, Çandar T, Güler İ, Kum RO, Özcan M, editors. Pro-Gastrin releasing peptide and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in laryngeal cancer. KBB-Forum: Elektronik Kulak Burun Boğaz ve Baş Boyun Cerrahisi Dergisi; 2019.
20. Kiseli M, Caglar GS, Gursoy AY, Tasci T, Candar T, Akincioglu E, et al. Pro-gastrin releasing peptide: a new serum marker for endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2018;83(6):540-5.
21. Deffieux X, De Tayrac R, Huel C, Bottero J, Gervaise A, Bonnet K, et al. Vaginal mesh erosion after transvaginal repair of cystocele using Gynemesh or Gynemesh-Soft in 138 women: a comparative study. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007;18(1):73-9.
22. Meeker S, Seamons A, Maggio-Price L, Paik J. Protective links between vitamin D, inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(3):933-48.
23. Jacobs ET, Van Pelt C, Forster RE, Zaidi W, Hibler EA, Galligan MA, et al. CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 polymorphisms modulate vitamin D metabolism in colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2013;73(8):2563-73.
24. Fleet JC, Desmet M, Johnson R, Li Y. Vitamin D and cancer: a review of molecular mechanisms. Biochem J. 2012;441(1):61-76.
25. Zhang X, Giovannucci E. Calcium, vitamin D and colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25(4-5):485-94.
26. Garland CF, Garland FC. Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer? Int J Epidemiol. 1980;9(3):227-31.
27. Sun J. The role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors in colon cancer. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2017;8(6):e103.
28. Vaughan-Shaw P, O'sullivan F, Farrington SM, Theodoratou E, Campbell H, Dunlop MG, et al. The impact of vitamin D pathway genetic variation and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D on cancer outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2017;116(8):1092-110.
29. Samadi A, Sabuncuoglu S, Samadi M, Isikhan SY, Chirumbolo S, Peana M, et al. A comprehensive review on oxysterols and related diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(1):110-36.
30. Davis CD, Milner JA. Vitamin D and colon cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;5(1):67-81.
31. Wei MY, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Mohr SB, Giovannucci E. Vitamin D and prevention of colorectal adenoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2008;17(11):2958-69.
32. Jacquetin B, Fatton B, Rosenthal C, Clave H, Debodinance P, Hinoul P, et al. Total transvaginal mesh (TVM) technique for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: a 3-year prospective follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(12):1455-62.
33. Ananthakrishnan AN, Khalili H, Higuchi LM, Bao Y, Korzenik JR, Giovannucci EL, et al. Higher predicted vitamin D status is associated with reduced risk of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(3):482-9.
34. Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH. Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022;42(1):227-58.
35. Shinji S, Yamada T, Matsuda A, Sonoda H, Ohta R, Iwai T, et al. Recent advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer: A review. J Nippon Med Sch. 2022:JNMS. 2022_89-310.
36. Gannam CV, Chin KL, Gandhi RP. Caries risk assessment. Gen Dent. 2018;66(6):12-7.
37. Lualdi M, Cavalleri A, Battaglia L, Colombo A, Garrone G, Morelli D, et al. Early detection of colorectal adenocarcinoma: a clinical decision support tool based on plasma porphyrin accumulation and risk factors. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1-9.
38. Yu D, Wang Z, Cai Y, Mcbride K, Osuagwu UL, Pickering K, et al. Ethnic differences in cancer rates among adults with Type 2 diabetes in New Zealand from 1994 to 2018. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(2):e2147171-e.
Published
2022-12-02
How to Cite
1.
Kalay S, Candar T. The Role of Pro-Grp and Vitamin D in the Diagnosis of Colon Cancer: A Case-Control Study. jms [Internet]. 2022Dec.2 [cited 2026Oct.3];25(4):28-6. Available from: https://www.jmsskims.org/index.php/jms/article/view/1229
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